![]() It is known that the human adaptive immune system plays an important role in the defense against viral infections. Therefore, it is critical to investigate whether the immune system's function and status impact the quality of life of COVID‐19 survivors. ), it remains essential to investigate whether the adaptive immune system of recovered patients would provide long‐term immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfections. Many discharged patients still experience long‐term complications, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and depression,īecause host immune abnormalities might contribute to disease severity and disease outcome.ĭue to the emerging spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants (e.g., Omicron Most patients survive, and the disease outcome and long‐term quality of life now receive the most attention. ![]() According to the daily update of the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases reached >621 million (including >6 million deaths) by October 18, 2022, and the mortality rate is approximately 1.05% in a global situation. Since the broke out of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in early 2020, the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused excess morbidity and mortality globally. Because of their abnormal adaptive immune system with a low number of CD3 +CD4 − T cells and high susceptibility to infections, COVID‐19 patients might need more time and medical care to fully recover from immune abnormalities and tissue damage. Overall, our findings indicate that SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies remain detectable even after 6 months of recovery. All severe cases complained of more than one COVID‐19 sequelae after 6 months of recovery. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific neutralization IgG and IgM antibodies were identified in all survivors, especially those recorded with severe COVID‐19 who showed a higher inhibition rate of neutralization antibodies. The proportion of CD4 + T cells, especially circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, was increased, whereas the frequency of CD3 +CD4 − T cells was decreased. A decreased number of B cells but an increased proportion of CD19 +CD138 + B cells were found in COVID‐19 survivors. Immune repertoire sequencing revealed abnormal T‐ and B‐cell expression and function with large T cell receptor/B cell receptor clones, decreased diversity, abnormal class‐switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation. Still, it remains largely unclear whether the frequency and functions of T and B cells return to normal after the recovery of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Here, we analyzed immune repertoires and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific neutralization antibodies in a prospective cohort of 40 COVID‐19 survivors with a 6‐month follow‐up after hospital discharge. ![]() Presenters: Catherine Bollard, Children’s National Hospital, Anthony Coyle, Repertoire Immune Medicines, Stephen Elledge, Harvard University, Claude Perreault, University of Montreal, Ivelin Georgiev, Vanderbilt University, Jenny Jiang, University of Pennsylvania, Alessandro Sette, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, Anish Suri, Cue Biopharma, and Mark Yarmarkovich, University of Pennsylvania.Accumulating evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) impairs the adaptive immune system during acute infection. Organizers: Karsten Sauer, PhD, Vice President, Pre-clinical Research and Development, Cullinan Oncology, Michael Birnbaum, PhD, Associate Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Additional speakers will discuss how they are developing powerful immunotherapies based on decoded immune repertoires. Recent advances in single cell sequencing technologies and large-scale HLA tetramer or HLA reporter gene-based epitope library screening technologies have made decoding the "immune synapse" possible. This information promises to enable next generation clonotype or epitope targeted immunotherapies for cancer, autoimmune or infectious diseases that are both more efficacious and safer than current therapies. Leading experts will introduce the audience to recent advances in decoding the specific T cell or B cell clonotypes mediating or protecting from disease along with their recognized antigen epitopes in the context of human HLA haplotypes. ![]()
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